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      <a href="/2016/07/10/angular-note-4-make-header-directive/" title="Angular使用笔记4--制作头部指令" itemprop="url">Angular使用笔记4--制作头部指令</a>
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      <a href="https://godbasin.github.io" title="被删">被删</a>
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    <time datetime="2016-07-10T03:32:37.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2016-07-10</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2018-12-18T15:28:34.169Z" itemprop="dateModified">2018-12-18</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#有关angularJS指令"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">有关angularJS指令</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#指令要求"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">指令要求</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#指令常用属性"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">指令常用属性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#解析指令编译过程"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">解析指令编译过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#制作头部菜单栏"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">制作头部菜单栏</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加index页面"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加index页面</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加头部菜单指令"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加头部菜单指令</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加头部菜单模板"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加头部菜单模板</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加控制器"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加控制器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#在index页面中引入头部指令"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">在index页面中引入头部指令</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#最终效果"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">最终效果</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
		</div>
		
		<p>最近的一个项目使用AngularJS(v1.2.6)作为前端的框架，《Angular使用笔记》系列用于记录过程中的一些使用和解决方法。<br>本文记录简单介绍指令，以及制作头部指令的过程。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="有关angularJS指令"><a href="#有关angularJS指令" class="headerlink" title="有关angularJS指令"></a>有关angularJS指令</h2><hr>
<h3 id="指令要求"><a href="#指令要求" class="headerlink" title="指令要求"></a>指令要求</h3><ul>
<li>指令作为一种服务，其定义有几个特殊要求<ul>
<li>1.必须使用模块的directive方法定义</li>
<li>2.必须提供factory方法</li>
<li>3.factory方法返回的对象必须返回一个指令定义的对象</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="指令常用属性"><a href="#指令常用属性" class="headerlink" title="指令常用属性"></a>指令常用属性</h3><ul>
<li>restrict</li>
<li><p>可以是EAMC这四个字母的任意组合，来限定指令的应用场景</p>
<ul>
<li>E: 只限元素名使用</li>
<li>A: 只限属性使用</li>
<li>C: 只限类名使用</li>
<li>M: 只限注释使用</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>template/templateUrl</p>
<ul>
<li>指定HTML标记替换指令内容（或指令自身）</li>
<li>可使用templateUrl指定模板位置</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>transclude</p>
<ul>
<li>包裹指令的内容，如果transclude属性为true</li>
<li>模板中使用ng-transclude定位</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>replace</p>
<ul>
<li>如果replace=true，那么用HTML片段替换指令本身</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>scope作用域</p>
<ul>
<li>如果设置为true <ul>
<li>将为这个指令创建一个新的作用域</li>
<li>如果在同一个元素中有多个指令需要新的作用域的话，它还是只会创建一个作用域</li>
<li>新的作用域规则不适用于根模版（root of the template），因此根模版往往会获得一个新的作用域</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>如果设置为{}(object hash)<ul>
<li>将创建一个新的、独立(isolate)的作用域</li>
<li>@或@attr: 建立一个local scope property到DOM属性的绑定</li>
<li>=或=expression: 在本地作用域属性与父作用域属性之间设置双向的绑定</li>
<li>&amp;或&amp;attr: 提供一个在父作用域上下文中执行一个表达式的途径</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>require</p>
<ul>
<li>请求另外的controller，传入当前directive的link函数中</li>
<li>require需要传入一个指令controller的名称</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>link函数</p>
<ul>
<li>link函数负责实现DOM和Scope的数据绑定</li>
<li>通常在link里执行DOM事件监听和数据变化监听</li>
<li>link函数在template执行后被调用</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>controller函数</p>
<ul>
<li>指令可以有controller，因为指令可以创建scope</li>
<li>controller在所有的同一scope的指令中共享，同时可以作为link函数的第四个参数被访问到</li>
<li>在同一层级的scope上，这些controller是指令间的一个可用的通信信道，也可能包含指令自身</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>compile函数</p>
<ul>
<li>在所有module都装载完毕在之后，compile(element)(scope)</li>
<li>这句开始编译和链接整个dom树（其实就是调用dom上出现的指令）</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="解析指令编译过程"><a href="#解析指令编译过程" class="headerlink" title="解析指令编译过程"></a>解析指令编译过程</h3><p>首先，controller会在prelink步骤之前进行初始化，并允许其他directive通过指定名称的require进行共享<br>接下来，angular在解析指令的时候，其实会先按一定的顺序执行所有指令的compile函数，然后执行所有指令的preLink函数（如果存在的话），最后执行所有指令的postLink函数</p>
<ul>
<li><p>compile过程如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>1.传递应用根节点给$compile函数，开始编译，返回link函数</li>
<li>2.传递根作用域给link函数，开始链接（每个指令分为pre link 和 post link两个过程）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>关于link和compile<br>由于在compile函数最后返回link函数，故有compile函数时指令设置link函数无效，将自动使用compile返回的link函数</p>
</li>
<li><p>关于link和controller<br>控制器可以暴露一个API，而link可以通过require与其他的指令控制器交互。所以如果要开放出一个API给其他指令用就写在controller中，否则写在link中</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h3><ul>
<li><a href="http://blog.51yip.com/jsjquery/1607.html" target="_blank" rel="external">《angularjs directive实例详解》</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.html-js.com/article/Front-end-source-code-analysis-directive-angularjs130-source-code-analysis-of-the-original" target="_blank" rel="external">《angularjs1.3.0源码解析之directive》</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="制作头部菜单栏"><a href="#制作头部菜单栏" class="headerlink" title="制作头部菜单栏"></a>制作头部菜单栏</h2><hr>
<p>头部菜单栏包括，主菜单，侧边下拉菜单和时钟。如图：<br><img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/753B.tmp.png" alt="image"></p>
<h3 id="添加index页面"><a href="#添加index页面" class="headerlink" title="添加index页面"></a>添加index页面</h3><ul>
<li>在views文件夹内添加一个index.html</li>
<li>在app.js文件中添加路由</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">.when(<span class="string">'/index'</span>, &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">templateUrl</span>: <span class="string">'views/index.html'</span>, <span class="comment">//index的html页面</span></div><div class="line">  controller: <span class="string">''</span> <span class="comment">//index的控制器，现在暂时不加</span></div><div class="line">&#125;)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>设置login登录后跳转至index页面</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.location.href = <span class="string">'index.html#/index'</span>;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="添加头部菜单指令"><a href="#添加头部菜单指令" class="headerlink" title="添加头部菜单指令"></a>添加头部菜单指令</h3><ul>
<li>在scripts文件夹中添加directives文件夹，然后新增headerDir.js文件</li>
<li>创建指令header</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">app.directive(<span class="string">'appheader'</span>, [<span class="string">'$timeout'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">$timeout</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">restrict</span>: <span class="string">'AE'</span>, </div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">templateUrl</span>: <span class="string">'./views/directive/header.html'</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">controller</span>: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">$scope, $element</span>)</span>&#123;&#125;,</div><div class="line">  &#125;;</div><div class="line">&#125;]);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>在index.html页面内引入headerDir.js文件</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="添加头部菜单模板"><a href="#添加头部菜单模板" class="headerlink" title="添加头部菜单模板"></a>添加头部菜单模板</h3><ul>
<li>若模板比较长，为了方便维护可将其放在views中，然后使用templateUrl进行引用</li>
<li>模板架构<ul>
<li>这里使用bootstrap的导航条作为头部</li>
<li>使用ng-repeat来加载菜单，则可将菜单相关设置放置到scope中，方便维护</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>这里直接使用template编写模板，具体代码可到项目源码中查看，这里就不放出来了</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="添加控制器"><a href="#添加控制器" class="headerlink" title="添加控制器"></a>添加控制器</h3><ul>
<li>若控制器逻辑比较多，可新增一个controller的js文件来储存逻辑，然后使用require注入或者模板添加ng-controller引用即可</li>
<li>这里直接使用指令的controller来进行逻辑整理</li>
<li>主要逻辑<ul>
<li>设置主菜单和侧边下拉菜单内容</li>
<li>判断当前路径，并点亮对应菜单（使其active）</li>
<li>加载和格式化时钟，并定时刷新时间</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">controller: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">$scope, $element, $timeout</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">//$scope.menus用于储存主菜单</span></div><div class="line">  $scope.menus = [&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">title</span>: <span class="string">'index'</span>, <span class="comment">//title用于储存路由对应的路径</span></div><div class="line">    href: <span class="string">'index.html#/index'</span>, <span class="comment">//href用于设定该菜单跳转路由</span></div><div class="line">    text: <span class="string">'首页'</span>, <span class="comment">//text用于储存该菜单显示名称</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;, &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">title</span>: <span class="string">'others'</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">href</span>: <span class="string">'index.html#/other'</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">text</span>: <span class="string">'其他'</span>,</div><div class="line">  &#125;];</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">//$scope.usermenus用于储存侧边下拉菜单</span></div><div class="line">  $scope.usermenus = [&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">href</span>: <span class="string">'index.html#/login'</span>, <span class="comment">//href用于设定该菜单跳转路由</span></div><div class="line">    text: <span class="string">'退出'</span>, <span class="comment">//text用于储存该菜单显示名称</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;];</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">//判断当前路径，点亮对应模块</span></div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">var</span> _location = location.hash.split(<span class="string">'/'</span>)[<span class="number">1</span>];</div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">var</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> $scope.menus) &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">//current用于储存当前菜单是否与当前路径符合，符合则点亮(active)菜单</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> ($scope.menus[i].title == _location)&#123;$scope.menus[i].current = <span class="literal">true</span>;&#125;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;$scope.menus[i].current = <span class="literal">false</span>;&#125;</div><div class="line">  &#125;</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">//用于格式化时间（少于10在前面增加0）</span></div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">var</span> numberStandard = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">num</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> _val = <span class="built_in">Number</span>(num),</div><div class="line">      _num;</div><div class="line">    _num = (_val &lt; <span class="number">10</span>) ? (<span class="string">'0'</span> + _val) : (<span class="string">''</span> + _val);</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> _num;</div><div class="line">  &#125;;</div><div class="line">  <span class="comment">//用于渲染时钟</span></div><div class="line">  <span class="keyword">var</span> renderClock = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> _date = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>();</div><div class="line">    $scope.clock = <span class="string">''</span>;</div><div class="line">    $scope.clock += _date.getFullYear() + <span class="string">'年'</span> + (_date.getMonth() + <span class="number">1</span>) + <span class="string">'月'</span> +</div><div class="line">      _date.getDate() + <span class="string">'日'</span>;</div><div class="line">    $scope.clock += <span class="string">' '</span> + numberStandard(_date.getHours()) + <span class="string">':'</span> + numberStandard(_date.getMinutes()) +</div><div class="line">      <span class="string">':'</span> + numberStandard(_date.getSeconds());</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">//此处已通过参数注入$timeout服务，若需要注入自定义服务需要require</span></div><div class="line">    $timeout(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">      renderClock();</div><div class="line">    &#125;, <span class="number">500</span>);</div><div class="line">  &#125;;</div><div class="line">  renderClock();</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="在index页面中引入头部指令"><a href="#在index页面中引入头部指令" class="headerlink" title="在index页面中引入头部指令"></a>在index页面中引入头部指令</h3><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">header</span> <span class="attr">app-header</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">header</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="最终效果"><a href="#最终效果" class="headerlink" title="最终效果"></a>最终效果</h3><p>如图：<br><img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/C902.tmp.png" alt="image"></p>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>AngularJS指令的使用过程中可能会出现一些莫名的问题，主要是因为对指令的了解不够深入，大家可以结合使用多去熟悉一下指令过程。<br><a href="https://github.com/godbasin/godbasin.github.io/tree/blog-codes/angular-notes/4-create-header" target="_blank" rel="external">此处查看项目代码（仅包含app部分）</a><br><a href="http://angular-notes.godbasin.com/4-create-header/index.html#/" target="_blank" rel="external">此处查看页面效果</a></p>
  
		
		<p style="margin-top:50px;">查看Github有更多内容噢：<a href="https://github.com/godbasin">https://github.com/godbasin</a></p>
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	<img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/2code2.jpg" width="200" height="200" style="display:block;margin: 0 auto;" />
	<p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">码生艰难，写文不易，给我家猪囤点猫粮了喵~</p>
	<div class="author-right">
  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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  <strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#有关angularJS指令"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">有关angularJS指令</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#指令要求"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">指令要求</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#指令常用属性"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">指令常用属性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#解析指令编译过程"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">解析指令编译过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#参考"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#制作头部菜单栏"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">制作头部菜单栏</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加index页面"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加index页面</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加头部菜单指令"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加头部菜单指令</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加头部菜单模板"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加头部菜单模板</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#添加控制器"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">添加控制器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#在index页面中引入头部指令"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">在index页面中引入头部指令</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#最终效果"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">最终效果</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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